Friday, September 25, 2015

Theme 4-pre Quantitative research

Visual Perspective and Feedback Guidance for VR Free-Throw Training
Visual Perspective and Feedback Guidance for VR Free-Throw Training is an article from IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.  
In this article, researchers tended to find whether people can adapt themselves in VEs (virtual environments) by overcoming the distance underestimation. In order to find out the impact in three different VEs (first-person perspective, third-person perspective,third-person perspective+guidance condition), researchers created basketball-free-throwing immersive condition for novices to be trained in. By recording subjects' initial parameters and trajectory of ball in three different VEs, researchers could record the players' motion and performance in different VEs. Then by anayzing the questionanaire of the subjects, researchers drew the conclusion that incorrect perception of distance can affect people's performance and using third-person perspective+guidance condition of VE is the best way for player to overcome the influence on distance underestimation. 
1.Which quantitative method or methods are used in the paper? Which are the benefits and limitations of using these methods?
In this eassay,the researchers built several mathematical models and collected empirical data from the motion of subjects. Author recorded the initial parameters and trajectory in eache VEs, and then drew different picture on ball's trajectory, release speed values, height values, angle of entrance in the basket, etc. In addition, the author made an questionnaire for novices to find out perceptual fidelity of each person in each kind of VEs. Using quantitative reseach method, we can collect the precise data from phenomena or participants. It is much easier for us to draw conculsion on the phenomena and make prediction on it. Take this article for instance, using data of players' motion and depicting the picture on different data, we can have a clear impression on the experiment. However," it is still difficult to relate these results to actual perceptual disturbances"[1]. Using quantitative method can not draw a conclution and explain the relationship between data and phenomena.
2.What did you learn about quantitative methods from reading the paper?
we can use the quantitative method to depict an image for the detailed data, such as the "drag coefficient" and "horizontal distance" in this article. we can also record the data to study on a specific motion of a body or a  trajectory of a object. By recording the hight of the throwing ball, we can draw a trajectory of it,we can know the peak or the trough of the movement of the ball. It is very useful to make easier for us to anylize the regularity of something.
3.Which are the main methodological problems of the study? How could the use of the quantitative method or methods have been improved?
In this article, researchers tended to find the influence of Virtual Sports Training  on basketball player.While the reseachers didn't find the a directive relationship between these data and players' performance.They just analyzed these data and recorded the success rate. what matters a lat is the questionaire on these payers. These recorded data should be more detailed. For exmple they did not record the movement of the joints of players. They can record more data to have a better unstanding on the motion of players, such as recording joints motion data and the height of each jump.

Drumming in Immersive Virtual Reality
Drumming in Immersive Virtual Reality is a quite amazing and impressive article. In the article, this experiment is based on the  Immersive Virtual Reality, and researchers tended to find out whether ownership illusions have and substantial influence on behavioral and cognitive changes. In order to find the answer, researchers created three different Avatar types(including plainly white hands) in a drum performing environment and 36 participents took part in this experiments. By recording the data of the upper body movement(Neck, Head, Upper spine, Clavicles, etc.) and making questionnaire, researchers successfully accomplished "Participants and Subjective Ratings" and "Motion Data Analysis". Finally we can make out that body ownership illusions towards virtual body representationns can have a significant impact on the changes of behave and cognition[2]. This article successfully translated the performativity of the participants into a numerical quantity. Moreover it successfully combine the qualitative judgments  with data to draw the conlusion.
1.Which are the benefits and limitations of using quantitative methods?
Using quantitative methods, we can get precise data from the experiment and it is useful for us to clarify the experiment. Take the article for instance, author quantified the performativity of the participents into data matrix. In this way, we can obviously observe the difference of the movement of one participant in different AvatarUsing data is more persuasive than other other methods, because these data come from reality. On the contrary, using data is more abstact because there are lots of mathematical data and models in it. There are not direct logic relationship between the phenomena and data. It is hard for us to understand sometimes.
2.Which are the benefits and limitations of using qualitative methods?
Qualitative method is kind of  "a psychologist seeking to gather an in-depth understanding" on phenomena. It has near relationship with recognition and understanding. It tells us "why"and "how"and give us an understanding and explain. On the contrary, the use of the qualitative method is limited compared by quantitive method.
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References
[1] Alexandra Covaci Anne-Hélène Olivier Visual Perspective and Feedback Guidance for VR Free-Throw Training  IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications(2015) 
[2]Konstantina Kilteni, Ilias Bergstrom, and Mel Slater Drumming in Immersive Virtual Reality IEEE VR (2012)

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